Journal: Heliyon

Article Title: Rapid Inactivation of mixed biofilms of Candida albicans and Candida tropicalis using antibacterial photodynamic therapy: Based on PAD™ Plus

doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e15396

Figure Lengend Snippet: Photoactivated disinfection treatment. The mixed biofilms cultured for 24 h were incubated with 1 mg/mL toluidine blue O (TBO) for 1 min (A,D,G,J), 5 min (B,E,H,K), or 10 min (C,F,I,L), followed by exposure to LED for 1 min (A,B,C,G,H,I) or 2 min (D,E,F,J,K,L) with output power of 500 mW (A–F) or 750 mW (G–L). Output power/illumination time was arranged in each row, and incubation time was arranged in each column.Untreated biofilms were used as a negative control (M). SYTO9/propidium iodide staining was performed to identify live/dead fungi. Fungi were observed using a confocal laser scanning microscope. Green (A–M) fluorescence indicated live fungi and red (A,B,C,M) fluorescence indicated dead fungi. Orange (D,F,G,I,J) or Yellow (E,H,K,L) fluorescence is an overlay of green and red, indicating dead fungi. When Image J software was used to count the live/dead fungi on the image, the green channel and the red channel were counted respectively. Scale bar = 50 μm. The experiment was performed three times with three biological replicates. (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)

Article Snippet: The live/dead fungi were detected by SYTO9 (green)/propidium iodide (PI; red) staining using a kit from Kehua Jingwei Technology (Beijing, China) following the manufacturer’s instruction.

Techniques: Cell Culture, Incubation, Negative Control, Staining, Laser-Scanning Microscopy, Fluorescence, Software

Journal: Materials

Article Title: Rapid Assay to Assess Bacterial Adhesion on Textiles

doi: 10.3390/ma9040249

Figure Lengend Snippet: Work flow of microplate screening to quantify bacterial attachment to textile coatings. SYTO9 staining was applied for the large screening, alternative techniques such as bioluminescence assay and viable cell count were tested as well.

Article Snippet: SYTO9 ® was purchased from LuBioScience, Luzern, Switzerland.

Techniques: Staining, ATP Bioluminescent Assay, Cell Counting